Subgroup analyses were conducted for OA location (hip or knee), sex, and years of exposure to running (less or more than 15 years). The prevalence rate and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval ) for OA between runners (at competitive and recreational levels) and controls were calculated. Recreational runners were individuals running in a nonprofessional (amateur) context. Runners were regarded as "competitive" if they were reported as professional/elite athletes or participated in international competitions. A meta-analysis of studies comparing this occurrence between runners and controls (sedentary, nonrunning individuals) was conducted. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify studies investigating the occurrence of OA of the hip and/or knee among runners. Objectives To evaluate the association of hip and knee OA with running and to explore the influence of running intensity on this association. Background Running is a healthy and popular activity worldwide, but data regarding its association with osteoarthritis (OA) are conflicting. Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
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